Golden Week 2019, dix jours de congés successifs exceptionnels

Comme tous les ans le Japon est entré en période de Golden Week depuis le 25 avril. Le hasard du calendrier fait que le pays comptera cette année dix jours fériés successifs.  Cette année sera aussi marquée par un événement historique. L’actuel empereur Akihito abdiquera le 30 avril avant de céder sa place à son fils, et mettra fin à trente ans de l’ère Heisei (平成). Le pays inaugurera  la nouvelle ère de règne impérial Reiwa (令和)。

Le point sur les dix jours de congés exceptionnels.

Tourisme : les Japonais dépenseront  en dix jours 170 milliards JPY (1,37 milliards EUR) à l’étranger.

De nombreux Japonais profiteront de cette période pour voyager à l’étranger. Cependant les économistes sont préoccupés par le risque de dévaluation du Yen sur la durée. En effet depuis début avril, le Yen est déprécié face au dollar et le départ massif des Japonais à l’étranger risque de faire durer la tendance. La plus grande agence de voyage japonaise JTB estime à 662 000 les Nippons qui partiront à l’étranger entre le 25 avril et le 5 mai soit une hausse de 6,9 % par rapport à la même période en 2018. La dépense des Japonais à l’étranger est estimée quant à elle à 174 milliards JPY (1,4 milliards EUR) soit une augmentation de 8,6% par rapport à l’an dernier à la même période, un montant quasi-équivalent au paiement des voyages sur un mois dans la balance des paiements du Japon

En clair, les Japonais vont dépenser en 10 jours l’équivalent de ce que le pays paye en un mois vis-à-vis de l’étranger en matière de tourisme lorsqu’on regarde les chiffres de 2018 de près : le paiement du Japon a été de 188,5 milliards JPY (1,5 milliards EUR) en octobre, 193,4 milliards JPY (1,56 milliards EUR) en novembre et 197,6 JPY (1,59 milliards EUR) en décembre.

L’économiste en chef du centre de recherche Dai-ichi Mutual Life Insurance Company M.Koichi FUJISHIRO appelle à la vigilance en raison d’ « un volume exceptionnel » de vente de YEN. Lorsque les Japonais dépensent leur YEN en hébergement ou en shopping à l’étranger, c’est autant de fuite de devise non récupérable ce qui accentue la dépréciation du YEN. L’effet sera non négligeable.

Un pays qui tournera au ralenti

Durant la Golden Week de nombreux services fermeront mais afin d’éviter une paralysie totale, des dispositions particulières seront prises. Le point sur les principaux services.

Les banques

Les agences seront fermées durant la Golden Week. Les principales banques appellent aux usagers de ne pas se déplacer aux agences la veille (26 avril)  et le lendemain (7 mai) des jours fériés pour éviter les affluences sauf pour des opérations d’urgence. Elles donneront priorité aux opérations de retraits ou de dépôts. Si les distributeurs automatiques fonctionneront normalement leur approvisionnement en liquide risque d’être perturbé. Enfin les services en ligne ne fonctionneront pas 24heures/24 heures chez Mitsui Sumitomo et Mizuho Bank.

La poste

La poste assurera exceptionnellement les 27 avril et 2 mai la distribution des courriers normaux. A l’exception d’une minorité de bureaux ouverts les week-ends et les jours fériés qui continueront à opérer durant la Golden Week, la poste fermera ses portes au public pendant dix jours. Elle rappelle que des retards de maximum d’un jour seront à prévoir en raison des embouteillages sur les autoroutes et des éventuelles perturbations liées aux trafics aériens.

La distribution des courriers express, des colis et tous les services prioritaires ou spéciaux seront toutefois assurés comme en temps normal.

les services de livraison

Tout comme la poste un retard de maximum un jour est à prévoir pour les opérateurs privés de livraison des colis. Ces derniers travailleront pendant toute la période des congés. Les compagnies appellent toutefois à anticiper les envois si les clients souhaitent que les colis soient livrés à temps. En effet si les prises de commandes sont assurées comme en temps normal, c’est au niveau des centres de tri que le service risque d’être perturbé.

Les mairies et les municipalités

Les guichets et les services seront fermés jusqu’à la fin des congés. A une exception près, le dépôt de mariage sera exceptionnellement accepté le 1er mai qui coïncide avec un jour bouddhique spécial porteur de chance selon le calendrier traditionnel. Les mairies ouvriront exceptionnellement leur guichet aux nouveaux couples qui souhaitent que leur mariage porte chance. Par ailleurs le service de ramassage des ordures ménagères sera assuré comme en temps normal dans les 23 arrondissements de Tokyo. Enfin, pour ne pas cesser l’approvisionnement de tous les restaurants de la capitale, le marché central de Toyosu (anciennement le marché de Tsukiji) et les autres marchés vitaux ont prévu d’ouvrir entre trois et quatre jours durant la Gilden Week.

Les transports

Selon JR (l’équivalent de la SNCF) tous les trains express longues distances (notamment les Shinkansen) sont complets du 27 au 30 avril et le 5 mai. Dans le transport aérien, le taux de réservation sur les lignes domestiques a atteint 90% entre le 27 et le 30 avril pour ANA (All Nippon Airways)  et du 27 avril au 2 mai pour la JAL (Japan Airlines). Les vols internationaux des deux compagnies nippones sont quasi-complètes entre le 26 et 29 avril et du 4 au 6 mai. Enfin sur les autoroutes, les sociétés d’exploitation s’attendent à la formation de près de 432 embouteillages de plus de 10km chacun notamment au moment des pics de trafic estimé du 3 au 5 mai.

Les écoles et les universités.

A quelques exceptions près les écoles primaires et les collèges suivent le calendrier des congés et instaurent dix jours de congés pour les enseignants et les élèvent mais réduisent en contrepartie les vacances scolaires d’été. Les écoles de Kyoto par exemple ont réduit de quatre jours les vacances d’été.

Les universités qui doivent assurer un certain nombre d’heures de cours imposé par la loi, feront cours durant la Golden Week.

La bourse de Tokyo

Le marché des titres nippons sera fermé. Toutefois les grandes maisons de courtages et quelques courtiers opèreront exceptionnellement pour la transaction des titres étrangers puisque les marchés internationaux quant à eux resteront ouverts. Ainsi, Daiwa Securities , Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Securities , Mizuho Securities et SMBC Nikko Securities opèreront tour à tour du 30 avril au 2 mai.

 (Sources NIKKEI 05/04/2019 10連休で円売り1700億円、海外旅行者が過去最高で。26/04/2019  銀行、郵便、病院、10連休中のサービスは?)

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