Publié le par NaG@8133

Tension commerciale entre le Japon et la Corée du sud

Le gouvernement ABE restreindra l’exportation des composants nécessaires à la fabrication des semi-conducteurs vers la Corée du sud à partir de 4 juillet.

Une réponse à un contentieux historique

Par cette décision, Shinzo ABE entend protester contre le jugement de la haute cour de justice coréenne qui en octobre 2018, avait ordonné aux grandes entreprises japonaises implantées à Séoul de dédommager les coréens victimes de travaux forcés largement orchestrés par les grandes entreprises nippones (dont Mitsubishi parmi les plus connues) durant la seconde Guerre Mondiale sous peine de saisie de leurs biens.

Le gouvernement japonais a toujours estimé que la question des réparations de guerre avait été définitivement résolue au moment de la signature du Traité nippo-sud-coréen de 1965 qui a normalisé les relations entre les deux pays. Or la décision de la justice coréenne pointe du doigt la faille du traité (sujet à diverses interprétations), qui selon elle n’implique que les gouvernements respectifs et qui par conséquent ne résout aucun contentieux sur le plan individuel. Ces dernières années des milliers de plaintes auraient été déposées selon les médias par les victimes ou leurs descendants.

Représailles économiques contre la Corée

Les matériaux qui seront frappés par les mesures de restriction décidées par le gouvernement ABE sont les polyimides, le fluorure d’hydrogène, et des dispositifs photosensibles. Ces produits, lorsqu’ils sont destinés à la Corée du sud seront inspectés et ne pourront plus quitter le territoire japonais sans une autorisation spéciale délivrée par les autorités japonaises à partir du 4 juillet. Le gouvernement ABE veut aller plus loin et veut exclure le pays du matin calme de la liste des pays « amis » sur le plan de la défense à partir d’août. Le Japon compte 27 nations amis, parmi elles les Etats-Unis, l’Allemagne et la France. Ce sera un pas de plus vers l’escalade des tensions diplomatiques si la Corée du sud perd le statut de pays amis. Si l’exclusion est confirmée, tout produit susceptible d’être détourné à usage militaire sera interdit d’exportation du Japon vers la Corée du sud.

Un coup dur pour l’économie du pays du matin calme dont une grande partie de la croissance repose sur la bonne santé du secteur électronique. En effet le numéro 1 et le numéro 3 mondial des semi-conducteurs en termes de part de marché, sont aujourd’hui les firmes coréennes respectivement Samsung Electronics et SK hynix. Les deux entreprises à elles seules détiennent entre 50 et 70 % de part de marché mondial. Samsung est également leader mondial des écrans LED.

Il y aura forcément des répercussions à l’échelle globale si les Coréens auront des difficultés de s’approvisionner en matières premières. Les autorités japonaises mettent en moyenne 3 mois pour délivrer les autorisations nécessaires à l’exportation des produits réglementés, à quoi un dirigeant de SK hynix répond que ce délai aura épuisé les stocks de sa firme qui ne sont prévus que pour tenir 1 à 2 mois en temps normal. Or le Japon est le principal fournisseur des composants de semi-conducteurs (90% pour le fluore d’hydrogène) de la Corée. Certaines usines coréennes seront contraintes de fermer après l’entrée en vigueur de ces mesures de rétorsion.

Le gouvernement coréen a réagit par le biais du ministre du commerce, de l’industrie et de l’énergie, Yun-mo SUNG qui entend porter plainte à l’OMC.

NIKKEI 02/07/2019 (Source 半導体の国債供給にも影響、対韓輸出規制４日発動）

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