Publié le par NaG@8133

La conduite autonome de niveau 3 autorisée à partir de 2020

credit : technology-illustration.com

Le 17 mai, la Diète a voté la révision du code de la route afin de l’adapter à la conduite autonome de niveau 3. Au Japon, bien que l’histoire des voitures autonomes soit ancienne (elle remonte aux années 80) et que les technologies nécessaires eussent été mises au point, le débat juridique s’est longtemps cristallisé sur le flou qui entoure la définition du niveau d’autonomie. Le pouvoir législatif s’est résolu à trancher en faveur d’une règle conforme au standard international en dépit de certains flous juridiques dont les appréciations seront laissées au pouvoir public.

     Le débat nippon sur le comportement des chauffeurs durant la conduite autonome de niveau 3.

La définition communément admise est celle d’une conduite autonome limitée où le conducteur peut céder le contrôle complet du véhicule au système automatisé, lui-même doté de fonctions de sécurité abouties. Ce type de conduite est pour ce niveau, limité dans certaines circonstances ou de trajets bien définis (comme les autoroutes par exemple). 

Cependant les législateurs japonais se sont penchés sur la question des comportements appropriés à adopter une fois derrière le volant. Il a été clarifié qu’à ce niveau d’autonomie, les conducteurs doivent être en mesure de reprendre le contrôle du véhicule en cas d’urgence. Ainsi ils peuvent faire usage de leur smartphone ou de tablette voire de regarder la télévision embarquée, mais la somnolence ou la consommation d’alcool sont interdites sous peine d’amende. Toutefois, à l’issu du débat, les législateurs n’ont pas pu trancher sur le cas de consommation des repas (manger un bento par exemple) ou de travail sur PC portable à bord. Dans les deux cas les deux mains du conducteur seront occupées. Faute de trouver un consensus, ces cas de figure seront laissés à l’appréciation du pouvoir public en cas d’accident ou de soupçon de violation du code de la route.  Le flou juridique demeurera pour autant.

     Les autoroutes et les zones dépeuplées en ligne de mire

 Le gouvernement autorisera d’abord la conduite autonome sur les autoroutes dès 2020. Avec la révision du code de la route, les constructeurs automobiles ont dévoilé chacun son tour leurs projets de véhicules autonomes. Tout d’abord, Honda a été le premier à avoir annoncé le lancement d’un modèle particulièrement adapté aux embouteillages sur les autoroutes et qui sera doté d’un système de réglage automatique de distance de sécurité. Son lancement coïncidera avec l’entrée en vigueur du nouveau code de la route. Nissan lancera son mytique modèle « Skyline » en version autonome bien que son système de conduite soit du niveau de 2 (un cran en dessous) . Enfin, Volkswagen et BMW importeront avant 2020 leurs nouveau modèles réciproques.

 Par ailleurs, Volkswagen voit plus loin et emboîte le pas au gouvernement ABE qui compte d’ici fin 2020, légiférer sur la conduite autonome du niveau 4 en zones dépeuplées. Ainsi, le constructeur allemand a commencé dès avril les expériences de ses futurs modèles et semble pour l’instant le seul à se tenir prêt pour l’échéance annoncé par le gouvernement nippon.  

      L’expérimentation des taxis autonomes

   La réforme des lois incite désormais les compagnies de taxis en manque chroniques de chauffeurs à expérimenter les services sans chauffeurs. C’est ce qu’a annoncé le 22 juillet, la plus grande société japonaise de taxis Hinomaru Kotsu. En effet, elle mènera une expérience grandeur nature à Tokyo sur le trajet qui relie le quartier des affaires Maruouchi à City Air Terminal d’où partent les cars qui désservent les aéroports internationaux (Haneda et Narita). Sur ce trajet d’environ 3 km , deux véhicules autonomes seront expérimentés en novembre. Face au boom des touristes étrangers et à leur affluence record puis au manque de personnel, l’opérateur de taxi compte sur la technologie du futur pour répondre à ses difficultés.

    Nikkei   22/07/2019 (sources 【高速の自動運転、20年実現へ前進改正法が成立】、【自動運転ル－ルを閣議決定、スマホ見ながら容認】、【空港バスと自動タクシ－連携　日の丸など】

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