
Les conséquences de l’épidémie de coronavirus frappent de plein fouet les grandes entreprises japonaises présentes en Chine continentale. Les fermetures en série des boutiques Uniqlo et Muji se sont accélérées en une semaine.
Plus de la moitié des magasins fermés
Uniqlo a fermé 370 boutiques sur un total de 750 présentes en Chine continentale à la date du 7 février. La marque japonaise de fast fashion la plus connue au monde venait de décider la fermeture de 160 points de vente à peine une semaine plus tôt. Ainsi, les dégâts causés par l’épidémie menacent les entreprises à une vitesse fulgurante. Même inquiétude chez son concurrent MUJI qui a dû se résigner à fermer plus de la moitié de ses points de vente avant le 6 février, soit 138 sur un total de 260, un chiffre qui a doublé en une semaine. Ce sont les conséquences des mesures prises par les autorités chinoises qui avaient contraint les centres commerciaux à réduire leurs activités dans les zones intérieures du pays.
Un coup dur pour les enseignes japonaises
UNIQLO et MUJI sont des exemples de réussite d’implantation des enseignes japonaises à l’international. En effet, dans une situation où les enseignes nippones de commerce de détail dépendent largement du marché intérieur japonais, ces deux entreprises font figure d’exception. L’empire du milieu, un marché de 1.4 milliards d’habitants, est aujourd’hui le théâtre principal de la guerre commerciale mondiale. Pour preuve, le chiffre d’affaires d’UNIQLO en Chine (Taiwan et Hong kong inclus) s’élevait à 4.1 milliards EUR (502.5 milliards JPY) en août 2019, ce qui représente 22% du chiffre d’affaires global du groupe nippon. Idem pour MUJI pour qui le marché chinois représente 17% du chiffres d’affaires avec 464 millions EUR (56.6 milliards JPY) de ventes entre mars et novembre 2019.
Pour ces deux entreprises 1% de baisse du chiffre d’affaires provoque la baisse les résultats opérationnels consolidés de 1%. Autant dire qu’ «en ce moment le marché boursier scrute de près les conséquences des épidémies sur les résultats » affirme l’analyste de la banque UBS Mme Nozomi MORIYA. Actuellement, à la date du 7 février, la valeur des actions Fastretailing (maison maire d’UNIQLO) a perdu 5% depuis la décision annoncée des fermetures des premiers magasin le 23 janvier et les titres s’échangent à 483.7 EUR (59020 JPY) par action. Quant aux titres de MUJI , ils ont perdu 10% de leur valeur depuis le 20 janvier et s’échangent à 15.3 EUR (1876 JPY) par action.
Menace sur l’industrie japonaise d’habillement
L’épidémie de coronavirus a ralenti l’appareil productif chinois. De fait, le supplychain japonais pourrait lui-même être menacé si la situation s’empire. Selon le ministère japonais de l’économie, 97% des vêtements vendus dans l’archipel sont importés de l’étranger dont 60% en provenance de Chine. De plus, sur 242 usines de Fastretailing dans le monde, 128 se trouvent dans l’empire du milieu.
NIKKEI 07/02/2020 (sources ユニクロ・無印良品、中国の休業店舗半数に 新型肺炎)
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