Le gouvernement prévoit une hausse de 3.3 % du salaire minimum dès octobre.
Le 1 er août, le comité central de réflexion sur le salaire minimum, organe consultatif rattaché au ministère du travail (koseirodosho), a donné son avis définitif sur la revalorisation du salaire horaire minimum qui passera à 961 JPY en moyenne au lieu de 930 JPY actuel. L’augmentation sera de 3.3 % en un an et s’appliquera dès octobre. Il s’agit de la plus forte hausse salariale dans l’histoire du Japon.
Cette décision tient compte du taux d’inflation actuelle dont la progression est fulgurante. Les entreprises doivent augmenter leur productivité pour pouvoir dégager suffisamment de bénéfices et absorber cette hausse.
Un compromis en faveur des entreprises.
Sachant que le salaire minimum au Japon est fixé par les préfectures au nombre de 47, le ministère distingue 4 zones où la hausse s’appliquera de façon homogène. Ainsi, la zone A qui regroupe 6 mégapoles économiques les plus riches du pays avec en tête Tokyo et Osaka, subira une hausse de 31JPY. Il en va de même pour la zone B qui regroupe 11 préfectures au rôle économique important dont Kyoto et Hiroshima. Enfin, les zones C et D qui comptent chacune Hokkaido, Okinawa ou Fukushima connaîtront une hausse moindre de 30 JPY.
Si le comité central de réflexion a été mandaté par le gouvernement pour son rôle consultatif, les membres participants ne représentent pas moins les intérêts aussi bien des travailleurs que ceux des patrons. Dès le 25 juillet, les deux camps ont affiché leur désaccord sur la marge d’augmentation à appliquer. L’argument côté travailleurs a fait face au patronat qui doit résorber la hausse des matières premières. Le résultat est loin de l’ambition affichée du gouvernement d’instaurer rapidement un salaire horaire minimum à 1000 JPY en moyenne au plan national.
En 2021 les statistiques ont montré que près de 16.2 % des travailleurs percevaient moins que le salaire minimum légal, soit 12 points de plus qu’en 2012. Autant dire un dispositif loin d’être contraignant pour les entreprises mêmes si des amendes sont prévues en cas de non-respect.
Le Japon en queue de peloton des pays industrialisés.
| Pays/Régions | Salaire horaire minimum (augmentation en %) | Dates de revalorisation |
| France | 10.85 EUR (2.65%) | Mai |
| Allemagne | 12 EUR (14.83%) | Octobre |
| Royaume Uni | 9.5 Livres (6.6%) | Avril |
| Los Angeles | 16.04 USD (6.9%) | Juillet |
Il est grand temps que les entreprises japonaises augmentent la valeur ajoutée de leurs produits par la digitalisation accrue de leur gestion. Elles doivent ainsi devenir plus rentable en améliorant leur productivité. C’est la seule méthode possible pour accroître le salaire moyen de façon durable.
(Sources Nikkei , 最低賃⾦31円上げ961円 全国平均、物価⾼で上げ幅最⼤ 01/08/2022)
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